The boys' main duty is to herd cattle. Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, live the Chagga people, also called Chaga, Waschagga, Jagga, or Dschagga. In Christian weddings, the young woman is brought to the church by her family and friends, and there she meets the groom. The banana grove is viewed by the Chagga people as the family graveyard. Interestingly, the corpse would face Kibo in the grave – as if the Chagga believed that the summit of Kilimanjaro was in some way connected with the afterlife. Great importance is placed on having a son to continue the linage. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Sec ondhand clothing from overseas (mitumba) is sold at the marketplace and is in great demand by the low-income people. Moore, Sally Falk (1986). The political scene has changed in Tanzania from a single party in 1965 to multi-party politics in 1992. Basket weaving was also common. Welcome to Chagga Culture and Coffee. Denmark: Center for Development Research, 1995. (With very few exceptions, only Chagga live on Kilimanjaro.) (March 19, 2021). Needless to say, this move was not unwelcome in many quarters on Kilimanjaro. Diviners could (and can) be consulted. Youth and children were placed in the banana grove. After the birth of a child, a Chagga mother remains inactive and indoors for three months, during which time she is taken care of by her husband and in-laws. Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of World Cultures, Igbo Milk was a highly valued food, as was meat. Public show of affection through bodily contact is considered highly inappropriate between the sexes. It is believed that the more senior a person is, the closer his or her contact with ancestors. Ruwa is the Chagga name for their god, as well as the Chagga word for “sun.” Ruwa is not looked upon as the creator of hu-mankind, but rather as a liberator and provider of sustenance. Shorts are considered for sports and schoolboys. The most feared curse, however, was that of the deathbed curse, issued by somebody shortly before they expired. These houses were rectangular, with walls made of wattle (interwoven sticks) and mud, and thatched roofs. As available land became more scarce, many households moved downmountain, and some moved up, pushing back the boundary of the forest. Encyclopedia.com. These items included small bowls, huge beer tubs, spoons, and ladles. After this, a chicken would be sacrificed and the boys ordered to lick the blood. Their home area is called Unyamwezi, "the place of the Wanyamwezi." All initiated young women underwent two months of instruction together in a banana grove, returning to their homes at dusk each day. Long-distance trade became a European monopoly. Because these houses tended to be large, up to 7.5 meters (25 feet) round and over 6 meters (20 feet) high, they were built with the assistance of other villagers. This rite is performed to curb unruliness in a child. Because of the enormous expansion of the population and the consequent land shortage, there are no large expanses of uncultivated or unoccupied land in the banana belt. Wealthier Chagga living in the urban areas may decide to transport a corpse back to the homestead for burial. It is in this context that we need to understand and place the rights of women in Chagga society. Song and Dance. With ever diminishing land holdings, Chagga men are forced to seek employment in the urban areas. Sellers come to local markets such as Ndishi with goods such as cooking oil, soap, and sandals. Most families wear black or drab clothing as a sign of mourning. There are different greetings depending upon the time of day. That pattern of landholding continues, although, formally speaking, the law has changed. Mount Kilimanjaro has two peaks. Zimbabwean dances are communal and largely performed in the rural areas, where about 75% of Zimbabwes population lives. . You will be picked up in Moshi in the morning, by our English-speaking guide, who will drive you to Materuni Village. Traditional Chagga instruments include wooden flutes, bells, and drums. One of the occasions in which children frequently died was during the initiation ceremony known as Ngasi. Today, Christian couples are married in churches. Many Chagga can read and write Swahili or Chagga. Stambach, A. Women's work includes firewood and water collection, fodder cutting, cooking, and cleaning of the homestead and stalls. The Chagga plant a variety of food crops, including a variety of bananas, millet, maize (corn), beans, and cassava. After Tanzania won its independence in 1961, the system of chiefdoms was abolished throughout the country. Despite these differences in dialect, the Chagga people can understand one another. It is also their main source of drink; they produce beer with the addition of eleusive, a grain. Some Chagga myths concerning Ruwa resemble biblical stories of the Old Testament. Local political reorganization ensued as the socialist government designed new structures. Alignments changed and were reorganized with the ebb and flow of the fortunes of war and trade. Domestic Unit. Traditionally, the victim was killed in the night. The major religious holidays of both Christianity and Islam are celebrated. Another test they had to undergo was to climb a tree on the riverbank and cross the river by clambering along its branches to where they intertwined with the branches of the trees on the other side. 38, no. Traditionally, the Chagga belonged to different clans (groups of people of common descent) ruled by mangis (chiefs). Overpopulation has forced some Chagga people to move to the lowlands and to urban areas. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Chagga people have developed themselves in every aspect of life ever since Tanzania got independence. The Chagga and Meru of Tanzania. LANGUAGE LIVING CONDITIONS traditional chagga tribes houses are coned shaped with a roof made out of grass Edna Mason on tribes and their cultures states that commonly the houses are made of banana leaves when it comes to art and craft most we make our on beads , , spoons, and Some Chagga myths concerning Ruwa resemble biblical stories of the Old Testament. Action movies are the most popular. Traditionally, the Chagga made their own utensils, mainly from wood. Kibo is the main snow-capped peak. As part of their mission, they introduced schools and coffee-growing clinics. Iring'i traditional dance of unity is the type of dance which was specifically designed to unite and maintain solidarity within the Chagga people, this is a well valued dance by Chagga people, and we offer you the ultimate local experience where you will enjoy the … After religious ceremonies are over, families gather for celebration and merrymaking. Due to limited land holdings and grazing areas, most Chagga people today are forced to purchase meat from butcher shops. Chagga Culture and Coffee, situated in the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro National Park, is a family owned local tour business offering visitors a rare insight into the local coffee production process right in the heart of the Materuni village. It was otherwise in earlier times. Men's work includes feeding goats, building and maintaining canals, preparing fields, slaughtering animals, and building houses. World Travel Guide. The staple food of the Chagga people is bananas. English is the medium of instruction in secondary schools and institutions of higher learning. Quite a few shop owners and street corner vendors all over the country are Chagga. He is known for his mercy and tolerance when sought by his people. A wife is required to always face her husband on approach lest she be accused of cursing him. During August and September 2013 Gosbert Lwentaro, a researcher based in Dar es Salaam undertook research on FGM in Tanzania for 28 Too Many. In times of marital conflict, they became mediators and advisors to the couple. Couples did not eat together at home; mothers usually ate with their children, while the father ate by himself. Rosi, the war dance, is performed by males only. As with most Chagga ceremonies, this would vary slightly from place to place and from tribe to tribe, and also depended on the status of the deceased. Another type of dwelling, also commonly built, was a house with a roof thatched with banana leaves. . The circumcision of boys now usually takes place in a hospital, where the conditions are more sterile. Those persons fortunate enough to obtain advanced education have some understanding of English. Retrieved March 19, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/chagga. Prayer books and hymnals have been translated into Kichagga. In 1886 Germany and Britain divided their spheres of influence in East Africa; Kilimanjaro was allocated to the Germans. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Primary school children are encouraged to participate in inter-school competitions that often lead to inter-regional and national championships. Ingreza. She can have a modern job as a secretary or a bank clerk to sustain her household without a man being present. Their relative wealth comes from the favorable climate of the area and successful agricultural methods, which include extensive irrigation systems, terracing, … Encyclopedia.com. Chagga legends center on Ruwa and his power and assistance. This is known as a kihamba (plural vihamba). Allusion has been made to the local regional and long-distance trades in which the Chagga were actively involved in precolonial times. Traditionally, Chagga work has been centered on the farm and is divided into men's work and women's work. This rite is performed to curb unruliness in a child. Most institutions and organizations are structured hierarchically and dominated by males. Traditionally, men and women were socially segregated. Children are taught to do small chores around the homestead as soon as they can walk. Examples of clan group names include Moshi, Swai, Marealle, Lvimo, and Mrema. Gutmann, Bruno (1926). On occasions of major broadcasts and matches, the Chagga often gather around a radio in a public meeting place, usually with a local brew on hand. Despite considerable innovative efforts from above, however, many preexisting relationships, such as powerful kinship groupings, continued to be locally effective on Kilimanjaro. Formerly, both males and females were ritually circumcised before they were considered fit for marriage. Bridal payments were made over the wife's lifetime. The chiefs sometimes warred with each other. The traditional Chagga house was cone-shaped, with a roof thatched with dried grass. It is used as a blessing or in congratulation on the birth of a child. In precolonial times land was regarded as male property, inherited patrilineally by males from males or transferred inter vivos by males to males. After the religious ceremonies are over, families gather for celebration and merrymaking. These houses were rectangular, with walls made of wattle (interwoven sticks) and mud, and thatched roofs. The parents were never actually told what had happened to their son and, as all present at the Ngasi ceremony were sworn to silence, they rarely found out the whole story. On the weekends, proper and makeshift soccer fields are crowded with both spectators and players alike. During the three months after delivery, a lactating mother is fed with a special dish made up of blood and butter, called mlaso. If the medicine man’s efforts at lifting the curse proved to be in vain, a funeral would be the most likely outcome. In the past, both young men and young women were circumcised. Men's work includes feeding goats, building and maintaining canals, preparing fields, slaughtering animals, and building houses. An economically sophisticated and educated Chagga elite began to form. The main government holidays presently celebrated are New Year's Day (January 1), Union Day (April 26), Workers Day (May 1), Peasants Day (August 8), and Independence Day (December 9). Weber, Valerie, and Tom Pelnar, eds. Zimbabwean dances are performed for three main purposes; religious, social and ceremonial. They prefer to be able to speak freely among themselves without having to worry whether the conversation is appropriate for the younger generation. Localized patrilineages formed the subunits within a district, and chiefdoms were composed of several districts. 19 Mar. Chiefs appointed the district heads. Over the following days other gifts were exchanged until the time came when the girl, having visited all her relatives, would be shut away for three months. Women were also grouped in age grades. The final part of the initial stage was the most brutal, however: orders were secretly given to the boys to slay a crippled or deformed youth amongst their number. TRADITIONAL ART CRAFT Tunajali Tanzania is encouraging the youth of Materuni to make traditional art craft for sale to tourists and is helping them to market the products. However, multi-party politics are still in their infancy, and it is hoped that the country can steer clear of the political confrontation that has plagued neighboring countries. Women are also in charge of trading in the marketplace. LOCATION: Western Province and Nyanza Province in Kenya; Tanzania Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. Stahl, Kathleen M. History of the Chagga People of Kilimanjaro. This is followed by sacrifice of a goat and, one month later, by a purification ceremony. After the tribulations of the ceremony, the boys were allowed a month’s holiday, before they returned to the chief’s house to participate in the sacrificing of a bull. Today, these houses are more commonly built with cement walls and corrugated metal roofs. The main role is played by the Mapiko dance, where the dancer wears the Mapiko mask, the personification of the evil the boy has to fight. On weekends, some public meeting places offer video shows for a small fee. A wife is required to always face her husband on approach lest she be accused of cursing him. Despite some political ups and downs, the cooperative was, in general, very successful. ." The same ceremony is repeated a month later. The first gift, for example, from the man to the woman, was always a necklace. The groom builds the house where he will live with his wife after marriage. Relatives were chosen to keep watch over the grave until the ceremony of shaving took place. Upon arrival, you will register at the village office and your trip can begin. Phone lines may be seen crisscrossing the area, providing this service to those able to afford it. . However, with more activism it is hoped that in the near future restrictions on homosexuality will be eased. LOCATION: Southern Sudan The penal code is applicable on the Tanzanian mainland but not on the semi-autonomous island of Zanzibar. At social gatherings, men and women kept to themselves in separate clusters. In any case, the new independent government abolished chieftainship; hence all the local chiefs also lost their powers. In the colonial and postcolonial periods, the economy has changed drastically. Today, the landlines are being replaced by the ever proliferating cell phone. The Taita people have always enjoyed expressing themselves through music. 2 (2005): 157-167. For this particular method, the traditional payment was one pot of honey – and probably some more banana beer. It is likely that there were other peoples on the mountain for hundreds of years before they arrived. LOCATION: Senegal The main government holidays are New Year's Day (January 1), Union Day (April 26), Workers' Day (May 1), Peasants' Day (August 8), and Independence Day (December 9). The increasing participation of Chagga females in modern secondary school and higher education has resulted in dramatic changes with regard to Chagga women's participation in cultural, social, and economic activities. In the past, only the wealthy Chagga could afford television sets. Female circumcision is now discouraged. In the 1950s and the 1960s there was a free movement of the Kisii in Chaggaland but nowhere is the Kisii-Chagga encounter thoroughly documented. Swahili is the medium of instruction in primary schools and is used in the workplace. The region now has the highest number of private secondary schools in Tanzania, attracting students from around the country. Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. Later, the couple may leave for a short honeymoon if they reside in an urban area. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. The Chagga have rich oral traditions and have managed to record most of their history. This done, the victim would be painted by the medicine man using the mixture in the hole. Visiting family and friends usually takes place during the late afternoon hours when most of the farm work is done. This has led to the opening of many video lending libraries in the town of Moshi. Loss of Chagga culture is another consequence of outside contact. The Chagga population rose steadily from 128,000 in the 1920s to over 800,000 in the 1990s. Widows and women in other relationships to men could occupy, hold, and use land but could not obtain a transferable interest. Exogamous patrilineages are the basic building blocks of the kinship system. Iron items included bells, ornaments, hoes, and spears. Gradually, as the open land has filled up, the mobility of households has been increasingly restricted. The region is further divided into three districts—Hai to the west, Rombo to the east, and Vunjo in the center. [Online] Available httpt://www.geographia.com/tanzania/, 1998. Like banana plants, coffee bushes are male property. There was a general circumcision that would take place corresponding with the circumcision of the chief's son. LANGUAGE: Dholuo; English (officia…, Gusii Following the national soccer league is a national pastime greatly enjoyed by the Chagga. Retrieved March 19, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/chagga, ALTERNATE NAMES: Chaga, Waschagga, Jagga, or Dschagga, LOCATION: Kilimanjaro region in northern Tanzania. There are also alternative trade and business schools for those students wishing to acquire skills. This has encouraged more Chagga to be politically active. This is because the older group may get quite rowdy. The more educated a person is, the better his or her chances of finding employment. The age classes ended with the German occupation of Tanzania. Pelt, P. Bantu Customs in Mainland Tanzania. In Kiswahili, the person belonging to this group is called Mchagga, plural Wachagga and the language is Kichagga. Chagga society experienced a radical change. Most villagers, though, prefer to walk when visiting neighboring areas and villages. The Chagga male would be well rewarded for his generosity, for traditionally in return the girl would dance naked all day with bells attached to her legs by her mother. A visitor staying for some time is expected to help with the family work. Women are also in charge of trading in the marketplace. By 1968, there existed 17 chiefdoms, namely Machame, Kibosho, Mamba, Mwika, Kibongoto, Uru, Usseri, Kirua Vunjo, Mkuu, Marangu, Mashati, Arusha Chini, Masama, Kahe, Old Moshi, Kilema, and Keni-Mriti-Mwengwe. That unitary consolidation was not achieved until the German colonial government imposed it. Primary school children are encouraged to participate in interschool competitions that often lead to interregional

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